During winter, particularly in rainy weather, the galls produce large, orange, gelatin-like tendrils, full of spores that infest the leaves of pear trees or hawthorn/crabapples. It causes swellings that erupt with brown galls. The rust fungus infests the junipers permanently and cannot be cured. You can find files that list many juniper species and cultivars and their susceptibility/resistance level to rust fungus on the internet. The Japanese junipers are also not infested often. As a rule of thumb, the blue-green junipers are more resistant than those with yellowish-green foliage. Some are even considered resistant to fungal rust diseases. Juniper species have different levels of susceptibility to rust fungus. Traditional insecticide/miticide sprays will help but if you want to get rid of pests, you should investigate why the tree was prone to infestation. Junipers can sometimes get infested with spider mites, juniper scale, juniper aphids, and juniper needle miners as well as juniper webworms.
During winter the junipers must be kept in a place with enough light and they must be checked for pests regularly even in winter. Make sure not to allow foliage pads to get too dense otherwise, pests can settle in them more easily. If junipers are well cared for and placed in an ideal location they are very resistant to pests. Aesthetically, we want unobstructed structures to avoid the juniper from looking like broccoli. The foliage pads should be wired and fanned out after thinning, to let light and air get in, otherwise, the inner parts of the foliage pads will die, and dense pads also increase the risk of pest infestation. If they are large and old, you can split the deadwood to bend the more flexible living parts. Use caution when bending areas with deadwood as those parts do break easily. Junipers can be bent aggressively, but be sure to wrap branches with raffia or tape for protection. Dramatically twisted shapes are very popular and correspond with the natural shapes that used to grow in the Japanese mountains. Junipers produced for Bonsai are often heavily wired when they are very young. Continue reading about pruning Bonsai trees. But it cannot bud again from bare tree parts, so take care that there is some foliage left on every branch you wish to keep alive. The Juniper Bonsai is generally a strong tree that also withstands aggressive pruning very well. When the foliage pads become too dense they must be thinned out with sharp scissors at the base. Do not trim the juniper like a hedge because the removal of all growing tips will weaken the tree and the cut will turn the needles brown. To develop the foliage pads, long shoots that stick out of the silhouette can be pinched or cut at the base with sharp scissors throughout the growing season.
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